A new edition of the Kerberos V5 specification 'The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5)' (RFC 4120).Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Encryption for Kerberos 5 (RFC 3962).Encryption and Checksum Specifications (RFC 3961).In 2005, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Kerberos working group updated specifications. eBones was based on the exported MIT Bones release (stripped of both the encryption functions and the calls to them) based on version Kerberos 4 patch-level 9. The Swedish implementation was based on a limited version called eBones. A Kerberos 4 implementation developed at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden named KTH-KRB (rebranded to Heimdal at version 5) made the system available outside the US before the US changed its cryptography export regulations (around 2000). Version 5 appeared as RFC 1510, which was then made obsolete by RFC 4120 in 2005.Īuthorities in the United States classified Kerberos as 'Auxiliary Military Equipment' on the US Munitions List and banned its export because it used the Data Encryption Standard (DES) encryption algorithm (with 56-bit keys). Neuman and John Kohl published version 5 in 1993 with the intention of overcoming existing limitations and security problems. Published in the late 1980s, version 4 was also targeted at Project Athena. Kerberos version 4 was primarily designed by Steve Miller and Clifford Neuman. Several versions of the protocol exist versions 1–3 occurred only internally at MIT. The protocol is based on the earlier Needham–Schroeder symmetric-key protocol. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) developed Kerberos in 1988 to protect network services provided by Project Athena. The protocol was named after the character Kerberos (or Cerberus) from Greek mythology, the ferocious three-headed guard dog of Hades. Kerberos builds on symmetric-key cryptography and requires a trusted third party, and optionally may use public-key cryptography during certain phases of authentication. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping and replay attacks. Its designers aimed it primarily at a client–server model, and it provides mutual authentication-both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos ( / ˈ k ɜːr b ər ɒ s/) is a computer-network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner.

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